Augustine on God and Time

“It is not that God’s knowledge varies in any way, that the future, the present, and the past affect that knowledge in three different ways. It is not with God as it is with us. He does not look ahead to the future, look directly at the present, look back to the past. He sees in some other manner, utterly remote from anything we experience or could imagine. He does not see things by turning his attention from one thing to another. He sees all without any kind of change. Things which happen under the condition of time are in the future, not yet in being. But God comprehends all these in a stable and eternal present. And with him there is no difference between seeing with the eyes and ‘seeing’ with the mind, for he does not consist of mind and body. Nor is there any difference between his present, past, and future knowledge. His knowledge is not like ours, which has three tenses: past, present, and future. God’s knowledge has no change or variation. ‘With him there is no alteration, or shadow of movement’ (James 1:17).” [City of God: Book XI, Chapter 21, emphasis added.]

Augustine, Echoing the Nicene Creed (w/Filioque)

“We believe, hold, and faithfully proclaim that the Father has begotten the Word: that is, the Wisdom by which all things have been made, his only-begotten Son, one begotten of one, eternal of eternal, Supreme Good of Supreme Good. And we believe that the Holy Spirit is at the same time the spirit of the Father and of the Son, himself consubstantial and co-eternal with both, and that this totality is a Trinity in respect of the distinctive character of the persons, and is also one God in respect of the inseparable divinity, just as it is one Omnipotent in respect of the inseparable omnipotence; but with this provision, that when the question is asked about each individual [person] the reply is that each is God and Omnipotent, whereas when the question is about all at the same time, they are not three Gods or three Omnipotents, but one God omnipotent. Such is the inseparable unity in persons; and this is how that Unity wills to be proclaimed.” [City of God: Book XI, Chapter 24.]

Tom Nettles on the Double Procession of the Holy Spirit

"How does the Holy Spirit proceed eternally? What is the relationship of the Spirit to the Father and the Son?

"Well there was massive theological discussion between the church in the West and the church in the East, and the church in the West decided that for a biblical understanding of the language about the Father sending the Spirit through the Son, or the Son sending the Spirit, or the Spirit being called the Spirit of the Father and also being called the Spirit of the Son, and because of the functions of the Spirit in taking the things of Christ and showing them to us, glorifying Christ, etc., it was seen to be the necessary biblical witness that in their eternal relationship, the Holy Spirit, in order to maintain His distinctive spirituality and not sonship nor fatherhood, must be described as proceeding not just from the Father, but from the Father and the Son [as] the perfect bond of unity. And they would say this is what is behind Paul being able to affirm in Colossians [3:14], "Love, which is the perfect bond of unity." [See Jonathan Edwards on this point.] This has to do with the Spirit proceeding from the Father and the Son as a continued manifestation of infinite love."

Context is Key

Greg Bahnsen: “The utterance of the word [any word] would be meaningless outside of a sentence or in-life situation to provide that utterance with context… What is true with respect to an individual word is also true with respect to sentences in which it is used: they require a context of understanding before they can function meaningfully… Now if the epistemic importance of a context applies to individuals words and to simple assertions, we can ask where one acquires the broader context for paragraphs of thought, large-scale judgments, ultimate conclusions about ‘reality.’”

Bahnsen's conclusion is that divine revelation is the necessary context for interpreting all of reality.