Melchizedek as a Type of Christ

When used in evangelical biblical studies, "type" refers to a historical reality of salvific import, which is usually repeated and theologically explored in the biblical narrative, and which finds its fulfillment (or "antitype") in Christ: His perfect life, the new covenant realities brought about by the shedding of His blood, and the new creation of which His resurrection is the firstfruits.

In A History of the Work of Redemption, Jonathan Edwards-the preeminent theologian ever to live on American soil-notes three sorts of "types" found in Scripture:

• Institutions (like the priesthood and sacrificial system, as explored in Hebrews);

• Events (like the redemption of Israel from Egypt, see Matt 2:15; Hos 11:1);

• Persons (like Joseph or David).

As far as Old Testament historical persons are concerned, Melchizedek in particular is presented as a type of Christ. At his initial introduction into redemptive history, as recorded in Genesis 14:18-20, Melchizedek is a mysterious (unexplained) figure, with a name meaning “king of righteousness,” called “king of Salem” (which means “king of peace”), who has no genealogy listed, and who is “a priest of the Most High God.” Melchizedek acts as a mediator, blessing Abram and blessing God. He serves bread and wine, and he receives a tithe from Abram. In Psalm 110:4, the Old Testament explicitly pictures Melchizedek as a type of priest on whom God's favor rests: a type which finds its antitype in the coming Messiah: the one who is both David’s son and David’s Lord.